外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定(附英文)

作者:法律资料网 时间:2024-07-09 07:17:43   浏览:9131   来源:法律资料网
下载地址: 点击此处下载

外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定(附英文)

建设部 对外贸易经济合作部


中华人民共和国建设部
中华人民共和国对外贸易经济合作部


第114号


《外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定》已经2002年9月9日建设部第63次常务会议和2002年9月17日对外贸易经济合作部第10次部长办公会议审议通过,现予发布,自2002年12月1日起施行。



建设部部长 汪光焘
对外贸易经济合作部部长 石广生
二○○二年九月二十七日



外商投资建设工程设计企业管理规定


第一条 为进一步扩大对外开放,规范对外商投资建设工程设计企业的管理,根据《中华人民共和国建筑法》、《中华人民共和国中外合资经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国中外合作经营企业法》、《中华人民共和国外资企业法》、《建设工程质量管理条例》、《建设工程勘察设计管理条例》等法律、行政法规,制定本规定。

第二条 在中华人民共和国境内设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,申请建设工程设计企业资质,实施对外商投资建设工程设计企业监督管理,适用本规定。

本规定所称外商投资建设工程设计企业,是指根据中国法律、法规的规定,在中华人民共和国境内投资设立的外资建设工程设计企业、中外合资经营建设工程设计企业以及中外合作经营建设工程设计企业。

第三条 外国投资者在中华人民共和国境内设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,并从事建设工程设计活动,应当依法取得对外贸易经济行政主管部门颁发的外商投资企业批准证书,在国家工商行政管理总局或者其授权的地方工商行政管理局注册登记,并取得建设行政主管部门颁发的建设工程设计企业资质证书。

第四条 外商投资建设工程设计企业在中华人民共和国境内从事建设工程设计活动,应当遵守中国的法律、法规、规章。

外商投资建设工程设计企业在中华人民共和国境内的合法经营活动及合法权益受中国法律、法规、规章的保护。

第五条 国务院对外贸易经济合作行政主管部门负责外商投资建设工程设计企业设立的管理工作;国务院建设行政主管部门负责外商投资建设工程设计企业资质的管理工作。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门在授权范围内负责外商投资建设工程设计企业设立的管理工作;省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门按照本规定负责本行政区域内的外商投资建设工程设计企业资质的管理工作。

第六条 外商投资建设工程设计企业设立与资质的申请和审批,实行分级、分类管理。

申请设立建筑工程设计甲级资质及其他建设工程设计甲、乙级资质外商投资建设工程设计企业的,其设立由国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门审批,其资质由国务院建设行政主管部门审批;申请设立建筑工程设乙级资质、其他建设工程设计丙级及以下等级资质外商投资建设工程设计企业的,其设立由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门审批,其资质由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门审批。

第七条 设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,申请建筑工程设计甲级资质及其他建设工程设计甲、乙级资质的程序:

(一)申请者向拟设立企业所在地的省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门提出设立申请。

(二)省、自治区、直辖市人民政府对外贸易经济行政主管部门在受理申请之日起30日内完成初审;初审同意后,报国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门。

(三)国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门在收到初审材料之日起10日内将申请材料送国务院建设行政主管部门征求意见。国务院建设行政主管部门在收到征求意见函之日起30日内提出意见。国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门在收到国务院建设行政主管部门书面意见之日起30日内作出批准或者不批准的书面决定。予以批准的,发给外商投资企业批准证书;不予批准的,书面说明理由。

(四)取得外商投资企业批准证书的,应当在30日内到登记主管机关办理企业登记注册。

(五)取得企业法人营业执照后,申请建设工程设计企业资质的,按照建设工程设计企业资质管理规定办理。

第八条 设立外商投资建设工程设计企业,申请建筑工程乙级资质和其他建设工程设计丙级及以下等级资质的程序,由各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门和对外贸易经济行政主管部门,结合本地区实际情况,参照本规定第七条以及建设工程设计企业资质管理规定执行。

省、自治区、直辖市人民政府建设行政主管部门审批的外商投资建设工程设计企业资质,应当在批准之日起30日内报国务院建设行政主管部门备案。

第九条 外商投资建设工程设计企业申请晋升资质等级或者申请增加其他建设工程设计企业资质,应当依照有关规定到建设行政主管部门办理相关手续。

第十条 申请设立外商投资建设工程设计企业应当向对外贸易经济行政主管部门提交下列资料:

(一)投资方法定代表人签署的外商投资建设工程设计企业设立申请书;

(二)投资方编制或者认可的可行性研究报告;

(三)投资方法定代表人签署的外商投资建设工程设计企业合同和章程(其中,设立外资建设工程设计企业只需提供章程);

(四)企业名称预先核准通知书;

(五)投资方所在国或者地区从事建设工程设计的企业注册登记证明、银行资信证明;

(六)投资方拟派出的董事长、董事会成员、经理、程技术负责人等任职文件及证明文件;

(七)经注册会计师或者会计师事务所审计的投资方最近三年的资产负债表和损益表。

第十一条 申请外商投资建设工程设计企业资质应当向建设行政主管部门提交下列资料:

(一)外商投资建设工程设计企业资质申报表;

(二)外商投资企业批准证书;

(三)企业法人营业执照;

(四)外方投资者所在国或者地区从事建设工程设计的企业注册登记证明、银行资信证明;

(五)外国服务提供者所在国或者地区的个人执业资格证明以及由所在国或者地区政府主管部门或者行业学会、协会、公证机构出具的个人、企业建设工程设计业绩、信誉证明;

(六)建设工程设计企业资质管理规定要求提供的其他资料。

第十二条 本规定中要求申请者提交的资料应当使用中文,证明文件原件是外文的,应当提供中文译本。

第十三条 外商投资建设工程设计企业的外方投资者及外国服务提供者应当是在其本国从事建设工程设计的企业或者注册建筑师、注册工程师。

第十四条 中外合资经营建设工程设计企业、中外合作经营建设工程设计企业中方合营者的出资总额不得低于注册资本的2596。

第十五条 外商投资建设工程设计企业申请建设工程设计企业资质,应当符合建设工程设计企业资质分级标准要求的条件。

外资建设工程设计企业申请建设工程设计企业资质,其取得中国注册建筑师、注册工程师资格的外国服务提供者人数应当各不少于资质分级标准规定的注册执业人员总数的1/4;具有相关专业设计经历的外国服务提供者人数应当不少于资质分级标准规定的技术骨干总人数的1/4。

中外合资经营、中外合作经营建设工程设计企业申请建设工程设计企业资质,其取得中国注册建筑师、注册工程师资格的外国服务提供者人数应当各不少于资质分级标准规定的注册执业人员总数的1/8;具有相关专业设计经历的外国服务提供者人数应当不少于资质分级标准规定的技术骨干总人数的1/8。

第十六条 外商投资建设工程设计企业中,外国服务提供者在中国注册的建筑师、工程师及技术骨干,每人每年在中华人民共和国境内累计居住时间应当不少于6个月。

第十七条 外商投资建设工程设计企业在中国境内从事建设工程设计活动,违反《中华人民共和国建筑法机《建设工程质量管理条例》、《建设工程勘察设计管理条例》、《建设工程勘察设计企业资质管理规定》等有关法律、法规、规章的,依照有关规定处罚。

第十八条 香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区的投资者在其他省、自治区、直辖市内投资设立建设工程设计企业,从事建设工程设计活动,参照本规定执行。法律、法规、国务院另有规定的除外。

第十九条 受理设立外资建设工程设计企业申请的时间由国务院建设行政主管部门和国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门决定。

第二十条 本规定由国务院建设行政主管部门和国务院对外贸易经济行政主管部门按照各自职责负责解释。

第二十一条 本规定自2002年12月1日起施行,《成立中外合营工程设计机构审批管理规定》(建设〔1992〕180号)同时废止。

Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Construction and Engineering Design Enterprises



The Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China
The Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People’s Republic of China


Decree No. 114


Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Construction and Engineering Design Enterprises approved respectively at the 63rd Executive Meeting of the Ministry of Construction on 9 September 2002 and at the 10th Ministerial Meeting of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation on 17 September 2002 are now issued and shall come into force on 1 December 2002.




Minister of the Ministry of Construction: Wang Guangtao
Minister of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation: Shi Guangsheng


27 September 2002


 

Regulations on Administration of Foreign-Invested Construction and Engineering Design Enterprises


Article 1 These Regulations hereof are formulated in order to further the opening up to the outside and standardise the administration of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises in accordance with such laws and regulations as the Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises, the Regulations on Administration of Construction Engineering Quality and the Regulations on Administration of Reconnoitring and Designing of Construction Projects.


Article 2 These Regulations shall apply to the establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises within the territory of the People’s Republic of China, the application for construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications and the administration and supervision of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises.


The term ‘foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise’ mentioned in these Regulations refers to a wholly foreign-owned construction and engineering design enterprise, or a Sino-foreign equity construction and engineering design joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperatively construction and engineering design enterprise established within the territory of the People’s Republic of China in accordance with Chinese laws and regulations.


Article 3 A foreign investor, which intends to establish a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise within the territory of the People’s Republic of China and carry out construction and engineering design business shall, in accordance with laws, obtain the foreign-invested enterprise approval certificate from the relevant foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department and register with the State Administration of Industry and Commerce or its authorised administration of industry and commerce at local levels, and also obtain the qualification certificate of construction and engineering design enterprise from the relevant construction administration department.


Article 4 Foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises shall abide by the laws, regulations and rules of the People’s Republic of China when carrying out construction and engineering design activities within the territory of the People’s Republic of China.


The lawful operation of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises and their legal rights and interests within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall be protected by Chinese laws, regulations and rules.


Article 5 The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for the administration of establishing foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises. The construction administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for the administration of the qualifications of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises.


The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration departments of the people’s government of provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall be responsible for the administration of establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises within their authorized jurisdiction ; the construction administration departments of the people’s government of provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall, in accordance with these regulations, be responsible for the administration of the qualifications of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises within their administrative region.


Article 6 The application for and the examination and approval of the establishment of a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise and the qualifications shall be managed by a grading and categorization system.


Where an applicant is to apply for Grade A qualifications for construction and engineering design or other Grade A or Grade B qualifications for construction and engineering design, the establishment of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council and its qualifications shall be examined and approved by the construction administration department of the State Council. Where an applicant is to apply for Grade B qualifications for construction and engineering design or other Grade C or lower qualifications for construction and engineering design, the establishment of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall be examined and approved by the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality and its qualifications shall be examined and approved by the construction administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality.


Article 7 The procedures for the establishment of a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise and the application for construction and engineering design qualifications or other Grade A or B engineering design qualifications shall be:


(1) The applicant shall submit an application to the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality where the proposed foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise is to be established.


(2) The foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, or the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality shall complete the preliminary examination within 30 days of receiving the application, and shall, if it grants the preliminary approval, submit the application to the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council for further approval.


(3) Within 10 days of receiving the application for further approval, the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall forward the application to the construction administrative department of the State Council for review and comments. The construction administration department of the State Council shall provide its opinion in writing within 30 days of receiving the request. Within 30 days of receiving the response, the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall decide whether or not to approve the application and express such a decision in written form. If the application is approved, a foreign-invested enterprise certificate shall be granted; if the application is not approved, reasons for the disapproval shall be given in written form.


(4) Within 30 days of receiving the approval certificate, the applicant shall carry out enterprise registration with the relevant registration department.


(5) After obtaining business license for the legal entity, if the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise is to apply for the construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications, the application shall be carried out in accordance with the Regulations on Administration of Construction and Engineering Design Enterprise Qualifications.


Article 8 The procedures for the establishment of a construction and engineering design enterprise and the application for Grade B qualifications and Grade C or lower qualifications for engineering design shall be administered by the construction administration department and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the people’s government of the province, or the autonomous region or the directly administered municipality based on local conditions with reference to Article 7 of these Regulations and Regulations on Administration of Construction and Engineering Design Enterprise Qualifications.


Examination and approval of the qualifications of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises by the construction administration departments of the People’s government of provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities shall be put on file with the construction administration department of the State Council within 30 days after the approval is given.


Article 9 The application by a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise to upgrade its qualifications or to add additional engineering qualifications shall be made to the relevant construction administration department in accordance with relevant regulations.


Article 10 An applicant which intends to establish a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall submit the following documents to the relevant foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department:


(1) Application forms to establish a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise signed by the investor’s legal representative;


(2) The feasibility study report prepared or accepted by the investor;


(3) The contract for establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise and the articles of association signed by the investor’s legal representative (only the the articles of association are required for the establishment of a wholly foreign-owned construction and engineering design enterprise);


(4) The notification of pre-verification of the name of the enterprise;


(5) Documentary evidence of legal entity registration of the investor to carry out construction and engineering design in its home country or region and its bank credential letter;


(6) Appointment letters and documentary evidence of the investor’s designated chairman and members of the board of directors, managers and technical managers etc.; and


(7) Balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of the investor over the past three years audited by a certified accountant or an accounting firm.


Article 11 The applicant applying for foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications shall submit the following documents to the relevant construction administration department:


(1) Application forms for the qualifications for a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise;


(2) The approval certificate for the establishment of the foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise;


(3) The business license for the legal entity;


(4) Documentary evidence of legal entity registration of the investor to carry out construction and engineering design in its home country or region and its bank credential letter;


(5) Professional qualification certificate issued by his home country or region and the individual or enterprise construction and engineering design track record and documentary evidence of its reputation issued by the relevant governmental department or professional institution, association or notary public; and


(6) Other documents as required by Regulations on Administration of Construction and Engineering Design Enterprise Qualifications.


Article 12 All materials required to be submitted by an applicant under these Regulations shall be in Chinese. If the original documentary evidence is in a foreign language, a Chinese translation shall be provided.


Article 13 The foreign investor or the foreign service provider of a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall be an enterprise engaged in construction and engineering design or a certified architect or a certified engineer in his or her home country.


Article 14 The total capital contribution of the Chinese party to a Sin-foreign equity construction and engineering design joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperatively construction and engineering design joint venture shall not be less than 25% of the registered capital.


Article 15 The criteria of grading of qualifications of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises shall be in accordance with the requirements of grading of qualifications of construction and engineering design enterprise issued by the construction administration department of the State Council.


Where a wholly foreign-owned construction and engineering design enterprise applies for the construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications, its foreign service providers who have been qualified as certified architects or certified engineers in China shall not be less than 1/4 of the total certified professionals required under the qualification grading criteria, and the foreign service providers who have the relevant design experience shall not be less than 1/4 of the total key technical personnel required under the qualification grading criteria.


Where a Sin-foreign equity construction and engineering design joint venture or a Sino-foreign cooperatively managed construction and engineering design enterprise applies for the construction and engineering design enterprise qualifications, its foreign service providers who have been qualified as certified architects or certified engineers in China shall not be less than 1/8 of the total registered professionals required under the qualification grading criteria, and its foreign service providers who have the relevant design experience shall not be less than 1/8 of the total key technical staff required under the qualification grading criteria.


Article 16 Each of the architects and engineers certified in China and the key technical personnel of the foreign service provider in a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise shall reside within the territory of the People’s Republic of China for no less than a cumulative period of 6 months each year.


Article 17 Where a foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprise carrying out construction and engineering design activities within the territory of the People’s Republic of China violates the Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on Administration of Construction Engineering Quality, Regulations on Administration of Prospecting and Designing of Construction Projects and Regulations on Administration of Construction Engineering Prospecting Design Enterprise Qualifications and other relevant laws, regulations and rules, it shall be penalized in accordance with relevant provisions.


Article 18 Investors from Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region or Taiwan shall establish construction and engineering design enterprises and carry out businesses in other provinces, autonomous regions or directly administered municipalities in accordance with these Regulations, unless it is otherwise provided by laws, regulations and the State Council.


Article 19 The timing for accepting and processing the application for establishment of foreign-invested construction and engineering design enterprises shall be determined by the construction administration department of the State Council and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council.


Article 20 The construction administration department of the State Council and the foreign trade and economic cooperation administration department of the State Council shall be responsible for interpreting these Regulations in accordance with their functions.


Article 21 These Regulations shall go into force on 1 December 2002. Regulations on Administration of Establishment of Sino-Foreign Project Design Joint Venture (File No. 180, 1992) shall be repealed at the same time.




下载地址: 点击此处下载

关于印发梅州市住房公积金监督管理办法的通知

广东省梅州市人民政府


梅市府〔2008〕76号
关于印发梅州市住房公积金监督管理办法的通知



各县(市、区)人民政府,市府直属和中央、省属驻梅各单位:

现将《梅州市住房公积金监督管理办法》印发给你们,请按照执行。



                  梅州市人民政府

    二○○八年十一月十日



梅州市住房公积金监督管理办法



第一条 为加强住房公积金的管理,规范监督管理行为,保障住房公积金的安全,维护缴存人的合法权益,根据《住房公积金管理条例》(国务院令第350号)、《住房公积金行政监督办法》(建金管〔2004〕34号)等,结合本市实际,制定本办法。

第二条 市建设、财政、审计及中国人民银行梅州市中心支行、中国银行业监督管理委员会梅州监管分局等有关部门(以下简称监督部门),依据管理职权,对本市住房公积金管理活动实施的监督,适用本办法。

第三条 市住房公积金管理委员会(以下简称管委会)依据有关法律法规负责制定和调整住房公积金的具体管理办法;住房公积金管理部门负责本行政区域内住房公积金的管理运作,任何单位不得另设账户自行管理。 

第四条 符合《住房公积金管理条例》规定的单位均应建立住房公积金制度并按时足额缴存住房公积金,职工个人缴存的住房公积金和职工所在单位为职工缴存的住房公积金,属于职工个人所有。

第五条 住房公积金监督管理包括以下内容:

(一)贯彻执行住房公积金管理法规和政策情况;

(二)住房公积金缴存、贷款和提取情况;

(三)住房公积金归集、使用计划执行情况;

(四)住房公积金购买国债情况;

(五)住房公积金增值收益分配情况;

(六)受委托银行承办住房公积金有关金融业务和相关手续情况;

(七)住房公积金管理中的其他事项。

第六条 管委会应当按照中国人民银行的有关规定,指定受委托办理住房公积金金融业务的银行(以下简称受委托银行)。住房公积金管理部门应当与受委托银行签订委托合同。

受委托银行应按签订的委托合同条款,办理相关住房公积金业务,并对专户内住房公积金的使用情况进行监督。

第七条 住房公积金管理部门的业务,应按照有关法律、法规和市政府办公室《关于转发市住房公积金管理心中〈关于住房公积金管理若干具体问题的实施意见〉的通知》(梅市府办〔2008〕2号)的规定,办理住房公积金缴存、贷款、提取等业务。

第八条 住房公积金管理部门编制的住房公积金年度归集、使用计划征求财政部门意见后提交管委会审批;住房公积金年度预算、决算和增值收益分配方案,经财政部门审核后报管委会审议。

第九条 住房公积金管理部门应按财政部《住房公积金财务管理办法》(财综字〔1999〕59号)的规定,对住房公积金增值收益进行分配。

住房公积金增值收益专项用于建立住房公积金贷款风险准备金、住房公积金管理部门的管理费用和建设城市廉租住房的补充资金。

第十条 住房公积金管理部门应当建立健全住房公积金内部监督管理制度和安全责任制度,按照住房公积金管理中心职责和内部授权管理的原则负责本行政区域内住房公积金的安全。在保证住房公积金提取和贷款的前提下,经管委会批准,住房公积金管理部门可以将住房公积金用于购买国债。但不得有下列行为:

(一)与证券公司签订理财协议进行理财管理;

(二)违反规定在证券市场购买国债及将国债进行质押或流通;

(三)向他人提供担保;

(四)将住房公积金用于投资、参股和购买股票;

(五)用于项目贷款和单位贷款;

(六)用于兴办任何类型的经济实体。

第十一条 住房公积金原始凭证、账簿、财务报告等有关会计资料应当真实、准确和完整。

住房公积金承办银行、住房公积金管理部门应当定期相互核对住房公积金收支情况,保证住房公积金收支情况账账、账表、账实相符。

第十二条 住房公积金管理部门应当按规定,按时向建设、财政等部门报送住房公积金统计、会计等各类报表。

第十三条 住房公积金管理部门应当为缴存住房公积金的职工发放缴存住房公积金的有效凭证,缴存住房公积金的职工有权向住房公积金管理部门或受委托银行查询本人住房公积金缴存和使用情况。

住房公积金管理部门应当定期向社会公布住房公积金缴存和使用情况,接受社会监督。

第十四条 住房公积金监督部门应当按照各自职责,协助做好住房公积金监督管理工作:

(一)建设部门负责对住房公积金相关政策、法规和规章制度的贯彻实施情况进行检查监督;

(二)财政部门负责对住房公积金归集、提取和使用情况及年度预、决算等情况进行审核和监督;

(三)审计部门负责对住房公积金管理和使用情况进行审计监督;

(四)人民银行负责对住房公积金账户开设、利率政策执行及信贷业务等情况进行检查监督;

(五)银行业监管部门负责对受委托银行承办住房公积金有关金融业务和相关手续进行检查监督。

第十五条 住房公积金监督部门对被监督单位可以实行现场监督和非现场监督。现场监督是指监督部门对被监督单位实施的实地检查,并实行定期检查和不定期检查相结合的制度。非现场监督是指监督部门对被监督单位报送的住房公积金管理有关文件和数据资料进行的检查、分析。

第十六条 监督部门及其工作人员在履行检查职责时,可以采取下列措施:

(一)要求被监督单位提供与监督事项有关的管理文件、财务账目、原始凭证及其他资料,进行查阅或者予以复制;

(二)向有关单位和个人进行调查,要求就监督事项涉及的问题做出解释和说明,并取得有关证明材料;

(三)对被监督单位和人员隐匿、伪造、篡改、毁弃会计凭证、会计账簿、会计报表,转移、隐匿住房公积金资产以及其他违反法律、法规和行政纪律的行为,责令停止和予以纠正;

(四)法律法规规定的其他措施。

第十七条 监督部门对被监督单位查证属实的违法违规行为,可以根据有关规定提出以下监督决定或者监督建议:

(一)责令被监督单位限期改正;

(二)建议按照干部管理权限对有关责任人给予行政处分;

(三)建议住房公积金管理中心按规定解除与有关商业银行分支机构经办住房公积金金融业务和相关手续的委托关系;

(四)构成犯罪的,建议移送司法机关依法追究刑事责任;

(五)其他决定或建议。

第十八条 缴存单位和个人均有权举报住房公积金管理和监督中的违纪违法行为。

住房公积金监督部门应当向社会公布举报电话并为举报人保密。任何单位和个人不得阻挠、压制或者打击报复举报人。

第十九条 被监督单位及其工作人员有下列行为之一的,由有关部门依法进行处理:

(一)未按照规定设立住房公积金专户的;

(二)未按照规定审批职工提取、使用住房公积金的;

(三)未按照规定使用住房公积金增值收益的;

(四)委托管委会指定的银行以外的机构办理住房公积金金融业务的;

(五)未建立职工住房公积金明细账的;

(六)未为缴存住房公积金的职工发放缴存住房公积金有效凭证的;

(七)未按照规定用住房公积金购买国债的;

(八)侵占、挪用住房公积金的;

(九)拒绝、阻挠监督人员进行监督检查的;

(十)拒绝或者拖延提供与监督事项有关资料的;

(十一)隐匿、伪造、变造、毁弃与住房公积金有关资料的;

(十二)未按照规定公开住房公积金收支情况及其他住房公积金信息的;

(十三)转移、隐匿住房公积金资产的;

(十四)阻挠、压制或者打击报复举报人的;

(十五)有其他违法违规行为的。

第二十条 违反《住房公积金管理条例》等规定,单位不办理住房公积金缴存登记或者不为本单位职工办理住房公积金账户设立手续的,由住房公积金管理中心责令限期办理;逾期不办理的,处1万元以上5万元以下的罚款。

单位逾期不缴或者少缴住房公积金的,由住房公积金管理中心责令限期缴存;逾期仍不缴存的,可以申请人民法院强制执行。

第二十一条 不符合住房公积金使用条件,骗取、骗贷住房公积金的,由住房公积金管理中心责令退还;情节严重构成犯罪的,由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。

第二十二条 本办法自发布之日起施行。


对于内幕交易,美国律师大多是敬而远之的。律师有薄技压身,进可以治国平天下,退可以独善其身,不愿鸡鸣狗盗,城鼠社狐。但律师中也有失足、失手的,著名判例奥海根案便是一例。

该案被告詹姆斯·奥海根是一家律师事务所的合伙人。他所在的律师事务所为一家公司提供与收购相关的法律咨询服务。按照美国司法部的指控,奥海根知晓收购计划之后,购入目标公司的股票。收购消息公开之后,奥海根随即抛出手中的股票,从中牟取暴利。

美国最高法院认定,奥海根利用窃取的未公开的重大信息买卖股票,“就是通过欺骗而获得优势市场地位。他欺骗了信息的来源处,同时也损害了投资成员。”欺诈通常需要欺诈者与被欺诈者之间有直接联系。奥海根购入的是目标公司的股票,而他所在的律师事务所为收购公司提供服务,与目标公司并无任何关系。按照奥海根案之前的美国判例,窃取信息者与信息来源方必须有一种“信任”和“保密”的关系,否则不存在内幕交易。奥海根与目标公司并无此关系。奥海根案中美国最高法院定下了新的规则,任何人窃取信息后,如果根据此信息交易,就对广大投资者负有披露责任,如果买卖股票之前不披露有关信息,其行为就构成内幕交易。

奥海根判例把反欺诈的理论提高到了一个崭新的阶段。在美国,将被告的行为定性为“窃取”那可能只是违法。被告只需交出非法所得和罚款,并无牢狱之灾。而被定违反证券法进行欺诈,就要判处其有期徒刑。

美国反内幕交易法律的发展分为三个阶段:(1)董事和高管等公司内部知情人,如果利用受信关系窃取非公开信息买卖股票,则违反美国证券法反欺诈条款,构成欺诈行为;(2)律师、会计师和投资银行家等中介机构人员,如果利用受信关系窃取非公开信息买卖股票,也违反美国证券法反欺诈条款,构成欺诈行为;(3)任何受信任人利用受信关系窃取非公开信息买卖股票,即违反美国证券法反欺诈条款,而且构成对整个市场的欺诈。

不过,尽管大法官们把反内幕交易法律定得很严,但对奥海根还是网开一面。奥海根一口咬定,他是从媒体的公开报道上了解到并购消息的。既然消息已经公开,那就不存在内幕消息,没有内幕消息,也就不存在内幕交易。美国最高法院认为,奥海根到底从何处获得相关信息一事仍然不明,并以此为理由将案件发回下级法院重审。物伤其类,人之常情。美国最高法院的大法官们也不例外。

从结果看,美国律师并没有被奥海根判例所吓倒。到2011年4月,美国又有律师陷入内幕交易案。美国联邦检察官起诉马太·克卢格尔犯有内幕交易罪。克卢格尔先后在三家律师事务所工作过,其间窃取关于并购信息,倒卖目标公司的股票牟取利润。三家律师事务所是克拉瓦斯、威尔逊和世达,其中克拉瓦斯是百年老所。克卢格尔这样的青年才俊,完全可以靠自己的聪明才智合法发财,但居然也要长期从事内幕交易,实在是出人意料。

说起来,都是资本市场搞乱了人心。律师吃大苦,流大汗,经常一盏孤灯到天明,但收入远比投资银行雇员的要少。这就让律师心中很是不平衡,其中有些人便要铤而走险。温饱思淫欲,贫寒起盗心。“贫寒”是相对而言,对于金融业人士来说,贫寒绝对不是饥寒交迫:薪酬百万美元之下都属贫寒。

克卢格尔从事内幕交易并非偶一为之,17年前在克拉瓦斯律师事务所暑期实习期间,他便开始窃取内幕交易信息,但一直没有暴露。克卢格尔非常狡猾,从不利用其工作中直接涉及的信息倒卖股票,而是悄悄地进入律师事务所的计算机系统,搜集其他同事所做的并购业务的相关信息。得到信息之后,克卢格尔先是将信息传给一位同伙,再由该同伙将信息传给一家经纪证券公司的雇员,由这位雇员买卖股票。为了保密,克卢格尔传递内幕信息时,只使用公用电话和预付电话卡联系。克卢格尔的内幕交易之所以败露,是因为那家经纪公司因资不抵债而破产,很多问题因此而浮出水面。如果没有意外情况,如果没有人举报,如果没有人卧底,内幕交易是很难被发现的。中国证监会工作人员涉嫌不法行为的案件中,也是因为有人告发,而且是夫妻反目,端出了最隐秘的情况。否则,很多事情可能永远不为人知。

对于内幕交易,一些国家的政府也是睁一只眼,闭一只眼。2000年到2007年间,英国31%的公司并购交易之前,市场股票价格有异动,2008年该比例仍然高达29%。但英国查出来的内幕交易甚少,其主要原因是政府不愿认真去查。

从技术层面看,证券交易所最了解股票交易的移动,可以提供重要线索,挖出内幕交易人。但证券交易所按证券交易量收取费用,而内幕交易有助于证券交易量,符合证券交易所的根本利益。证券交易所自然缺乏立查内幕交易的动力。证券交易所既要盈利赚钱,又有监督责任,这就有了不可调和的利害冲突。美国的证券交易所上市之后,已经把监管职能分离出去,移交给新成立的自我监管组织美国金融监管局。但即便如此,证券交易所仍然在第一时间掌握证券交易的第一手资料,如果没有证券交易所配合,证交会和金融监管局打击内幕交易也是力不从心。当然,证券监管机构对内幕交易本来就抱着一种得过且过的态度。如果监管机构真的有心打击内幕交易,完全可以向证券交易所派驻监管人员。当然,派驻监管人员并不等于有心监管。如果监管机构无心监管,即便在证券交易所有派驻人员,恐怕也是流于形式。

在美国内幕交易和操纵都违反美国《1934年证券法》反欺诈条款10(b)。可以说,操纵是内幕交易的继续。但上文所述,美国法律网开一面,明文允许某些操纵行为。从美国法院的判例看,美国法官通常也不愿认定操纵。证交会和美国司法官员也不愿多管闲事。既然可以放过许多操纵行为,那么从逻辑上说,打击内幕交易的理由便比较弱。内幕交易只是顺手牵羊——中国有“顺带不为偷”的古训。豺狼当道,安问狐狸?

(作者为中国政法大学教授)